Tysabri affects what the Immune response may see

Warnke C, Mausberg AK, Stettner M, Dehmel T, Nekrich L, Meyer Zu Horste G, Hartung HP, Fogdell-Hahn A, Adams O, Kieseier BC.Natalizumab affects the T-cell receptor repertoire in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2013 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in peripheral venous blood and CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with natalizumab and the potential implication for developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).METHODS:  The TCR repertoire in blood and CSF was assessed by complementarity determining region 3 spectratyping in 59 patients with MS treated with natalizumab for at least 18 months, 5 cases of natalizumab-associated PML, 17 age- and sex-matched patients with MS not treated with natalizumab, and 12 healthy controls.
RESULTS:Patients with MS presented with peripheral TCR repertoire expansions in blood, which appeared less prominent during therapy with natalizumab. TCR repertoire restrictions observed in CSF were most pronounced in patients with MS treated with natalizumab. In patients who developed PML with longitudinal samples available, new identical TCR receptor length expansions in blood and CSF were observed following plasma exchange, and preceded the development of IRIS.
CONCLUSIONS: Profound TCR repertoire restrictions in CSF of patients treated with natalizumab reflect an altered immune surveillance of the CNS, which may contribute to an increased risk of developing PML. Natalizumab seems to prompt an impaired or delayed peripheral expansion of antigen-specific T cells, whereas increased reconstitution of peripheral T-cell expansion following plasma exchange may trigger PML-IRIS. Our data suggest that treatment with natalizumab results in broader changes in the T-cell immune repertoire beyond lymphocyte migration.

Tysabri binds to α4 integrins expressed on lymphocytes and monocytes. It blocks the interaction of these integrins with their binding partners on vascular endothelial cells, and thereby prevents immune cells from entering inflamed tissues. 
Natalizumab is an effective treatment, but it carries the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). 

This study looked  how Tysabri affects the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This determines what the immune response recognises.. Their main observations were that 1) the TCR repertoire seems to "normalize" during natalizumab treatment, that is, revert to the state observed in healthy subjects, and 2) the onset of PML and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is accompanied or preceded by the appearance of distinct clonal T-cell expansions in blood or CSF. In IRIS this would be expansions of T cells that can destroy the JC virus

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